Dhməħyēn Particles

Demonstratives

There are two demonstratives in Dhməħyēn, so, tod, seħ “this” as the proximal and is, id, iħs “that” as the distal, that is indicating objects near to and more distant from the speaker, respectively. The demonstratives are used as a third person pronoun as well and are declined as nouns.

		Proximal			Distal
		Masculine	Neuter	Feminine	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Singular	Nom	so	tod	seħ	is	id	iħ
	Voc	te	tod	teħ	is	id	iħ
	Acc	tom	tod	teħəm	im	id	iħəm
	Instr	tō	todeʔ	teħeʔ	yeʔ	ideʔ	iħeʔ
	Dat	tōy	todey	teħey	yey	idey	iħey
	Abl	tōt	tods	teħs	is	ids	iħs
	Gen	tī	tods	teħs	is	ids	iħs
	Loc	toy	todi	teħi	yi	idi	iħi
Plural	Nom	tōs	todħ	seħes	eyes	idəħ	iħes
	Voc	tōs	todħ	teħes	eyes	idəħ	iħes
	Acc	tons	todħ	teħəns	yons	idəħ	iħəns
	Instr	toybhi	todbhi	teħbhi	yoybhi	idbhi	iħbhi
	Dat	toybhos	todbhos	teħbhos	yoybhos	idbhos	iħbhos
	Abl	toybhos	todbhos	teħbhos	yoybhos	idbhos	iħbhos
	Gen	tōm	todōm	teħom	yōm	idōm	iħōm
	Loc	tōyu	todsu	teħsu	yōyu	idsu	iħsu

Adverbs

There are three types of adverbs: manner, locational, temporal. If an adverb modifies a sentence it may be placed anywhere in a sentence that does not divide a noun phrase. When there are multiple adverbs (or adverbial phrases), they typically appear in the order temporal, manner, locational. If the adverb modifies an adjective, it must come directly before the adjective. Placing an adverb (or adverbial phrase) nearer the beginning of the sentence tends to topicalize the adverb, although this is not a strict rule.

Any adjective can become an adverb by being declined as single neuter instrumental.

bheyos “visible” > bheyō “visibly”

kenus “possible” > kneweʔ “possibly”

Coordinators

There are three common coordinating conjunctions: kwe “and” to connect words or phrases, dhe “and” to connect whole sentences/clauses, and wē “or” to offer a choice.